UPDATED AGAIN- Sept 16th-The Crash of Commercial Aviation and Telepresence
UPDATE - September 16th, 2008 - Three more airlines have declared bankruptcy in the last week: Spanish carrier Futura, it's Irish subsidiary Futura Gael, and XL Leisure Group who stranded 89,000 customers abroad and left another 200,000 ticket holders in the lurch. Willie Walsh, the CEO of British Airways, openly predicted that an additional 30 airlines could disappear by the end of the year. The Irish bookmaker Paddy Power has opened a book on which airline will go bust next. British Airways confirmed that it has offered buyouts to 1,400 managers. UPDATE - September 8th, 2008 - Three more airlines have declared bankruptcy in the last 45 days: Zoom Airlines, Vintage Props and Jets, and the Italian national carrier Alitalia bringing total bankruptcies over two dozen. The flight information company OAG has announced that the carriers will offer 60 million fewer flights between October and December of 2008. The airfare reasearch site FareCompare.com reports that domestic fares between large metro cities are already up roughly 16 percent since Jan. 2, while fares between small cities are up roughly 37 percent year-to-date.
Telepresence's impact on the airlines is starting to be felt... HSBC, which recently announced a deployment of 6 Cisco TelePresence systems, reports that they were able to save $604,000 on air travel in one month between their London HQ and their Hong Kong office. Publicly available telepresence deployments are starting to accelerate. Tata Communications has launched the first five publicly available Cisco TelePresence systems in what they have announced will be a 100 system global roll-out by the end of 2009. PangeAir has begun rolling out publicly available telepresence locations in Hyatt hotels and launched a publicly available location in the Dayton Convention Center. The Human Productivity Lab has relaunched our website for Powwow Virtual and is seeking partners and investors for our business model for a global network of publicly available telepresence conferencing centers featuring multiple telepresence systems connected to multiple telepresence Community of Interest Networks.
Original Article Follows:

In our 2006 paper Telepresence, Effective Visual Collaboration, and the Future of Global Business at the Speed of Light we predicted that the collapse of the dollar would send the cost of oil skyrocketing which would destroy the airlines' business model. Specifically we wrote:
"For decades, commercial and executive aviation have provided cost-effective transportation for business travel largely thanks to relatively inexpensive jet fuel from relatively inexpensive crude oil. From 1994-2004, the price for a barrel of NYMEX light sweet crude averaged between $10 and $30 a barrel. Since 2004, the price per barrel has more than doubled to $71.76 as of this writing (June 12th, 2006) and the price of jet fuel has risen from $0.82 a gallon to $3.45 a gallon today.xxiv And it won't stop there. A number of potential geopolitical risks, natural disasters and resource economics issues could very well send the price of oil even higher, making a significant impact on the affordability and convenience of air travel.Unfortunately, we called the crash of the dollar and the airlines like Babe Ruth's storied home run at Wrigley Field. Since December 2007,
The Oil Picture in 2006 vs. the Oil Picture Today
The commercial aviation industry relies on cheap seats and full planes. Reducing either side of this equation creates a vicious cycle for the carriers. Rising fuel prices equals higher ticket prices, which reduces demand for seats. Less passengers leads to even higher ticket prices as carriers cover flying costs at reduced capacities. Higher ticket price leads to . . . reduced demand for seats. Dramatically more expensive oil could deal another significant blow to the international aviation industry, which saw five bankruptcies in 2005 and is still reeling from six straight years of net losses, with 2006 set to be number seven.xxv The International Air Transport Association recently raised its 2006 net loss forecast to $3 billion from $2.2 billion, and a major increase in the price of jet fuel would substantially increase these losses even further and most likely see marginally profitable routes and flights eliminated making air travel even less convenient.xxvi Additional airline bankruptcies will inevitably lead to reduced competition, which equals higher costs and less convenience.
The growth of telepresence and effective visual collaboration will worsen this dynamic by further reducing demand for commercial aviation among business travelers who are the airlines least price dependent customers. When Cigna deployed two TeleSuite Systems between its offices in Philadelphia and Bloomfield, Conn., it eliminated thousands of flights a year. Its ticket volume grew so low the company's US Air representative even called to inquire about the financial health of the company.xxvii HP reported a two percent reduction in its $800MM+ travel costs in Q4 2005, with less than half of its planned deployment of 24 Halo Collaboration Studios active (no wonder the company is considering doubling that number in the future)."
As the depreciating dollar continues to fuel price increases expect the cost of physical travel to soar and price competition between the airlines to decline. Bankruptcies and consolidation will reduce convenience as duplicate and unprofitable routes are eliminated. Expect smart organizations to hedge their risk against travel disruptions and price increases by deploying telepresence to reduce the expenses and inconvenience associated with physical travel. Publicly available telepresence will begin to take some of the travel market away from the airlines, compounding the carriers' problems as they lose their least price sensitive business travelers to the world of virtual travel.
MaxJet Airlines - Filed December 24th, 2007 - MaxJet, an "all-business class carrier" files for bankruptcy and quits flying stranding passengers on Christmas Eve.Big Sky Airlines - March 8th, 2008 - Big Sky Airlines is grounded. The Billings-based company flew its final flights into the city on Saturday after its parent company announced in December that it would cease operations because of disappointing revenues.

Aloha Airlines - Filed March 20th 2008 - Ten days later, on March 30th, Aloha Airlines announced the suspension of all scheduled passenger flights the next day.
ATA Airlines - Filed April 2nd 2008 - ATA Airlines has discontinued all operations and cancelled all current and future flights.
Skybus Airlines - Filed April 4th 2008 - Ceased operations as of April 5th, citing the lagging economy and rising fuel costs as causes
Skyway Airlines - April 5th 2008 - On January 16th, 2008 Midwest Airlines announced that it would transition the operation of all Midwest Connect flights from Skyway Airlines to SkyWest Airlines. Skyway's last day of operations was April 5th, 2008.
Oasis Hong Kong Airlines - April 8th 2008 - Oasis stops accepting bookings on April 8th and ceases operations shortly thereafter.

Frontier Airlines - Filed April 11th 2008 - Frontier said it would continue normal business operations - operating its full schedule of flights and maintain employee wages, healthcare, vacation and other benefits.
Champion Airlines - May 31st 2008 - Champion Air announced on March 31st that it would cease operation on May 31st 2008. In the company's press release CEO Lee Steele announces that the company's business model "is no longer viable in a world of $110 oil" and "a struggling economy".

EOS Airlines - April 26th, 2008 - "Business-class niche carrier Eos Airlines Inc. ceased operations yesterday after filing for bankruptcy protection, the latest casualty of a credit crunch and a money-losing airline industry that has been hit hard by high fuel prices."Air Midwest - May 14th, 2008 - Soaring fuel costs have forced Mesa Air Group to shut down subsidiary carrier Air Midwest. Service to 16 small cities in 10 states will be discontinued as a result. The cuts will begin next week and be completed by June 30. In Arizona, travelers will lose service in Kingman and Prescott.
Silverjet Airlines - May 30th, 2008 - Silverjet airlines, a "business-class only" carrier ceased operations on May 30th after failing to securing financing to continue operations.
Telepresence provider Teliris announced free telepresence meetings between New York City and London for Silverjet customers displaced by the airline's failure.
Gemini Air Cargo - June 19th, 2008 - Gemini Air Cargo filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection Wednesday for the second time in two years. Gemini filed its recent Chapter 11 in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court of the Southern District of Florida and is represented by South Florida law firm Berger Singerman. Filing attorney Paul Singerman could not be immediately reached for comment.
Vintage Props and Jets - July 21st, 2008 - Small airlines serving three cities in Florida and Bahamian
destinations temporarily ceased operations on July 18, after talks with a
"promising investor/buyer" stalled. The company's website said the
company plans to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The state
reported the 40 layoffs on July 21.
Zoom Airlines - August 28, 2008 - Zoom Airlines, the trans-Atlantic carrier that ceases
operations, leaving at least 4,500 travelers stuck abroad and another 60,000
holdingticketsthat can't be used... Slowing economies and a $50 million
increase in fuel costs in the past 12 months led Zoom to join the two dozen
carriers that have ceased flying or filed for bankruptcy so far this year.
Alitalia - August 29th, 2008 - After reporting a net debt of nearly 1.2 million euros ($1.7 million) at the
end of July, Italy's flag carrier airline Alitalia
filed for bankruptcy on
August 29. The beleaguered company had
received an emergency loan of 300 million euros ($439 million) in April from
the Italian government, which owns 49.9 percent of its national airline, but
even these were not enough to keep the planes flying.Futura Airlines - September 8th, 2008 - Spanish charter airline Futura International Airways suspended flights for a day on Monday as it filed for administration, Spain's transport and infrastructure ministry said... According to its website, Futura
was Europe's largest
independent medium-haul charter airline, flying a fleet of 38
Boeing 737sFutura Gael Airlines - September 8th, 2008 - The Irish subsidiary of Spanish charter operator Futura Airlines also declared bankruptcy. The company operated charter flights to the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe. The company announced that all flights were suspended, laid off 70 employees, and put 20 on notice.
XL Leisure Group - September 12th 2008 - XL Leisure Group, an air charter and tour package operator, collapsed on September 12th stranding 89,000 passengers abroad and leaving over 200,000 customers who had purchased tickets for future flights in the lurch. XL, which employs about 1,700 people, was based in Crawley, England, and served 50 destinations.
Airline Mergers and Acquisitions

BA announces purchase of French airline L'Avion - July 2nd, 2008 - British Airways said on Wednesday that it will buy French carrier L'Avion for 54 million pounds (68 million euros, 107 million dollars) to combine with its transatlantic OpenSkies operation.
American Airlines, British Airways and Iberia Airlines - August 14th 2008 - The three airlines announced that they had signed a joint business agreement for flights between the
United States and Europe.
The airlines said they planned to apply for anti-trust approval from the United States Department of Transportation and would notify European Union authorities. The step comes a dozen years after American and British Airways' first effort to join their operations in a network stretching around the world. British Airways opened merger talks last month with Iberia, the Spanish carrier, although their deal is not yet final. In addition, the airlines said Finnair and Royal Jordanian, two partners under another marketing alliance, would be included in the anti-trust application
German Carrier Lufthansa to Take Over Brussels Airlines - September 15th, 2008 - Germany's largest carrier Lufthansa is to buy a 45 percent stake in the
holding company that owns Brussels Airlines for 65 million euros ($91.4
million) as part of the company's ambitious expansion plans. The deal,
announced Monday, Sept. 15, gives Lufthansa the option to take over all
of Brussels Airlines in 2011 for a price not exceeding 250 million
euros.
Continental Airlines - April 17th 2008 - Continental reports a net loss of $80 Million, or 81 cents per share and announces that "it would reduce domestic mainline capacity -- the number of seats for sale -- 5 percent beginning this fall and take another 14 single-aisle Boeing 737-300 aircraft out of service as leases expire beginning in September."
Southwest Airlines - April 17th 2008 - Southwest announced that "its first-quarter net profit fell to $34 million, or 5 cents a share, from $93 million, or 12 cents a share, in the same period last year." The airline also announced that it was reducing the number of new aircraft acquisitions by 1/2
United Airlines - April 22nd 2008 - "the Chicago-based carrier said it will trim 2008 spending by $400 million, eliminate 1,100 jobs by the end of the year, cut domestic capacity 9 percent by the fourth quarter and ground 30 of its oldest and least-efficient aircraft." The company also posted a $537 million dollar first quarter loss and saw the value of its shares decline by 35%.
Delta Airlines - April 23rd 2008 - Delta said its net loss widened to
British Airways - June 2nd 2008 - British Airways expects to trim its capacity later this year, Chief Executive Willie Walsh said on Monday, due to the effects of soaring oil prices...Walsh said it was too early to say whether the airline would cut destinations as part of the move to reduce capacity, but said cutting the frequency of flights was more likely in the winter period which starts at the end of October...BA said last month its fuel costs were set to rise 1 billion pounds this year.

Midwest Airlines - July 14th, 2008 - Midwest Airlines, a unit of Midwest Air Group, on Monday said it would cut its work force by 1,200 employees, or 40 percent, making it the latest airline to reduce staffing amid soaring fuel prices.
Flybe - September 10th 2008 - The British airline Flybe has announced that it will fly 400,000 fewer seats between October and March. Instead of increasing capacity by 16% as planned it will only add 6%.
British Airways - September 12th 2008 - British Airways, which has more than 45,000 employees, said Friday that
it would offer about 2,000 managers incentives to quit as the airline
seeks to reduce its employee costs. The airline chief executive, Willie
Walsh, told Bloomberg Television that he expected 300 managers to take
the buyout.
LTE International - October 17, 2008 - LTE International, a Spanish-based airline, which flew to European hotspots from UK airports airport has suspended all flights due to its "financial situation". Among the destinations that LTE International operated were Majorca, Tenerife, Barcelona, Malaga and Alicante. 
Airlines in Danger of Bankruptcy/Failure
Mesa Airlines - Cited in an AP story as vulnerable. In early April 08 Delta announced that it was canceling a major contract worth $20 million a month to Mesa. Mesa has filed a federal lawsuit to to keep the agreement. The AP article also notes that Mesa subsidiary go! Airlines, an inter-island Hawaiian carrier reported a $20 million operating loss in the first 16 months of operations.
Midwest Airlines - Cited by The Deal which notes: "In accepting a $450 million take-private from white-knight bidder TPG Capital in August, Milwaukee-based Midwest escaped the reigns of hostile bidder AirTran Holdings Inc. "Midwest's fate could be tied to how willing TPG is to contribute new capital to the airline to help it buy new planes, which in turn could be determined by how bad the U.S. economy gets in the coming months."
Virgin America Airlines - Avondale Partners airline analyst Bob McAdoo, in a research note, "cited preliminary filings with the Department of Transportation that suggest the carrier is rapidly losing money, and flew planes that were considerably emptier than some of its competitors through the end of last year." He noted "parallels between Virgin and the three failed airlines."
American Airlines Cancels 3,300 Flights - April 2008 - American Airlines cancels nearly 3,300 flights last week for wiring inspections on MD-80 aircraft required by federal safety guidelines revealed in an audit.
United Airlines shares plunge 75% after six-year-old bankruptcy story - September 9th, 2008 - United Airlines shares plunged 75% after a false report that the carrier had returned to bankruptcy court surfaced on the internet. A six-year-old Chicago Tribune story on United's 2002 bankruptcy filing, spotted on a Google search yesterday morning by an investment newsletter, triggered a massive sell-off of the carrier's shares until trading was halted. The stock reached a low of $3, then rebounded once trading resumed to close at $10.92. Shares had ended the day at $12.30 on Friday.


Starting Today, No More Free Water on US Air - August 1st, 2008 - Charging for checked luggage and legroom isn't enough for some carriers - starting today, coach passengers flying aboard US Airways Inc. must pay for a drink of water. This morning, US Airways began charging fliers $2 for bottled water and sodas and $1 for teas and coffees. First class members, trans-Atlantic passengers and a select group of others are exempt from the extra fees.
US Domestic Fares Soar an average of 16% between major cities and 37% between smaller cities - Sepember 1st, 2008 - On average, domestic fares between large metro cities are already up
roughly 16 percent since Jan. 2, while fares between small cities are
up roughly 37 percent year-to-date, according to Rick Seaney, head of
airfare research site FareCompare.com.
Airline Industry Association Predicts between 2.3 Billion and 6.1 Billion in losses for airlines - June 3rd, 2008 - The International Air Transport Association (IATA) predicts losses of 2.3 Billion dollars this year if oil averages $106.50 a barrel and $6.1 Billion dollars if oil averages $135.
Bankruptcies seen for major airlines - June 14, 2008 - All of the major airlines could be in bankruptcy by early next year if oil prices stay where they are, a new study predicts. The grim analysis by the consulting firm AirlineForecasts was commissioned by the Business Travel Coalition. Its author concludes that the airline industry is in a full-blown crisis "and heading toward a catastrophe."
Los Angeles Airport Sees Drastic Schedule Cuts - August 5th, 2008 - Airline industry database company Innovata said that the number of flights airline companies have scheduled in and out of Los Angeles International in November will be down by 16.4 percent from a year earlier, the Torrance Daily Breeze reported. American Airlines plans to eliminate 86 arrivals and departures at the airport per week in November, Delta plans to eliminate 68, United plans to cut 266 flights, and those big airlines' regional affiliates also plan to eliminate more than 1,200 weekly commuter flights at the airport, the Breeze said. Aviation analyst Mike Boyd said more cuts could be around the corner
Pilots say bosses force them to fly low on fuel - August 9th, 2008
- Pilots are complaining that their airline bosses, desperate to cut
costs, are forcing them to fly uncomfortably low on fuel. Safety for
passengers and crews could be compromised, they say. The situation got
bad enough three years ago, even before the latest surge in fuel
prices, that NASA sent a safety alert to federal aviation officials. No
action. Since then, pilots, flight dispatchers and others have
continued to sound off with their own warnings, yet the Federal
Aviation Administration says there is no reason to order airlines to
back off their effort to keep fuel loads to a minimum.
British Airways CEO WIllie Walsh predicts an Additional 30 Airline Bankruptcies By EOY - September 15th, 2008 - Willie Walsh, British Airways' chief executive officer, has predicted that around 30 more
airlines will likely go bankrupt in the near future, due to high oil
prices and softening demand caused by the current economic slowdown and
credit crunch. Walsh believes that most of these bankruptcies will
occur within a matter of four months. The UK
flag carrier's CEO believes that many small and medium sized
companies-and especially the non-legacy airlines-will find it
increasingly difficult to compete and survive as the economic situation
turns ever more dire.Additional Reading - Telepresence & Publicly Available Telepresence
Human Productivity Lab Telepresence Buyer's Guide
Broadband Properties Covers Publicly Available Telepresence
HP Halo and Marriott International Form Alliance to open "Public Access" Halo Rooms
The Telepresence Options Interview - Bob Briggs, President of PangeAir - Publicly Available Telepresence
Regus Business Centers to offer public TelePresence service with Cisco


















